PROPERTIES OF THE STEM CELLS OF THE PRIMITIVES OF THIRD MOLARS

Abstract

Regenerative medicine becomes an interesting field of research that solves the problem of the treatment of severe illnesses by replacing the affected structures with cell-based therapy or tissue engineering using autogenous stem cells. Due to these researches over the past decade, scientists were able to find new sources of stem cells in the adult body, improve treatment methods of various diseases, regenerate and replace tissues of many organs, and even correct some congenital defects. Systematization of theoretical knowledge and clinical research in the field of regenerative medicine is the basis for further selection of the proper stem cells sources and development of the best methods of regeneration and their successful application in practical medicine.The dental germs of the third permanent molars were used as research objects. To obtain the materials, the germs of the third molars were taken from 20 patients aged from 12 to 25 years old during the surgical stage of orthodontic treatment. Dental manipulations were performed after the signing of the voluntary information consent on conducting clinical trials by patients. It was decided to create three observation groups, taking into account the stage of formation of the third molars germs and the age of patients. The first group consisted of patients with the third molars germs at the stage of unformed root; the second - patients with the third molars germs with formed root and unformed apex; the third onepatients with formed root and formed apex of the third molars germs. Methods of the research: radiological - to assess the stage of development of the third molar germs; histological - for the morphological characteristics of the third molar germs tissues; immunohistochemical - to characterize the degree of maturity of the third molar germs tissues.The unformed root stage contains more reserve of poorly differentiated cells of mesenchymal origin. The light color of the preparation indicates on a low concentration of protein Vimentin in the early stages of development, which indicates on low cell differentiation. At the same time, histological examination of third molars germs of the third observation group showed the presence of highly differentiated cells such as fibroblasts and fibrocytes, as well as a significant content of vimentin protein, which confirms the maturity of these cells.The obtained results allow us to identify the most suitable collection periods of the development for the third molars germs. It gives the opportunity to expand the scientific data on the properties of mesenchymal stem cells of odontogenic origin and to investigate further use of mesenchymal stem cells of odontogenic origin in practical medicine.