The complex approach of risk factors in the emergence of developmental disorders in children of young age

Abstract

Neurological development is the foundation of the learning process and is essential for brain maturation. Brain development is a complex process that begins early, prenatally, and continues throughout life, consisting of a series of complex biological processes that shape the development of the nervous system, such as the formation of neurons, synapses, and neural circuits, as well as the establishment of neural communication pathways, the final product of which is the formation of brain structures, the development of skills and the individual configuration of each child. Optimal early childhood development spans diverse domains, including physical, social-emotional, and linguistic-cognitive aspects. Timely identification of at-risk children is of critical importance, as prompt referral to specialist interventions reduces the likelihood of long-term problems and improves outcomes in adulthood. Ensuring early access to interventions is a key priority in addressing developmental delays. Estimating prevalence and understanding specific types of delays are essential initial steps in early intervention planning.