Comorbidities Associated with Heart Failure: Clinical and Therapeutic Implications
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2025.2-82.38Keywords:
heart failure, phenotype, comorbidities, treatmentAbstract
Heart failure remains a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in developed countries. Ongoing demographic shifts, especially population aging, are expected to increase its prevalence. The frequent coexistence of comorbidities further worsens the prognosis and survival outcomes. Among patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the most common comorbidities negatively influencing prognosis are arterial hypertension, atrial fibrillation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and coronary artery disease. Current therapeutic strategies are primarily aimed at symptom relief and the management of associated conditions. At present, the most effective approach is prevention, focusing on early recognition and reduction of risk factors.
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