Laryngeal Precancerous Lesions: From Screening to Therapeutic Intervention.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2025.3-83.48Keywords:
larynx, precancerous lesions, dysplasia, screening, HPVAbstract
Precancerous lesions of the larynx, including leukoplakia, erythroplakia, epithelial dysplasia, and recurrent papillomatosis, carry a variable risk of progression to squamous cell carcinoma and represent a critical point in laryngeal cancer prevention. The aim of this article is to synthesize current data on etiopathogenesis, screening, early diagnosis, and treatment options. The methodology consisted of a narrative review of the recent literature and international guidelines. The results show that the risk of malignant transformation depends on the degree of dysplasia (3–10% in mild cases, up to 35–40% in severe dysplasia). Modern endoscopic technologies, such as narrow band imaging and autofluorescence, improve diagnostic accuracy, while endoscopic excision with CO₂ or KTP laser remains the therapeutic standard. Emerging therapies—including photodynamic therapy, antivirals, antiangiogenic agents, and HPV vaccination—offer promising perspectives in reducing recurrences.
In conclusion, the management of precancerous laryngeal lesions must be multidisciplinary and personalized, while the integration of molecular biomarkers and modern technologies provides future directions with significant impact on patient prognosis.
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