TEHNOLOGIA CRISPR - DIAGNOSTIC INOVATIV PENTRU TUBERCULOZA MULTIDROG-REZISTENTĂ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2025.2-82.35Cuvinte cheie:
TB-MDR, diagnostic, CRISPR-Cas, mutații, Mycobacterium tuberculosisRezumat
Rezumat.Tuberculoza multidrog-rezistentă (TB-MDR) rămâne o provocare majoră de sănătate publică, cu aproximativ 400.000 de cazuri raportate global în 2023. Republica Moldova se numără printre țările cu cea mai mare incidență a TB-MDR din regiunea europeană. În acest context, aplicarea unei metode de diagnostic mai rapide, cu sensibilitate și specificitate mai superioare comparativ cu metodele existente de diagnostic al tuberculozei, cum ar fi cele bacteriologice sau cele moleculare, precum GeneXpert, care ar putea face posibilă detectarea Mycobaterium tuberculosis (MTB) chiar și în probe modeste, sau în absența sputei, devine emergentă. Această lucrare sintetizează datele recente din literatura de specialitate referitoare la utilizarea CRISPR-Cas în diagnosticul tuberculozei (TB), cu accent pe acuratețea diagnostică, metodele de amplificare și potențialul aplicării în regiuni cu resurse limitate.Tehnologia CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats), oferă o nouă, precisă și eficientă abordare a diagnosticului rapid al TB-MDR, important în stabilirea precoce a diagnosticului și inițierea cât mai devreme a tratamentului potrivit - etape-cheie în prevenirea răspândirii globale a tuberculozei multidrog-rezistente. Acest articol explorează mecanismul de diagnostic CRISPR, avantajele acestuia și analiza comparativă cu metodele folosite la moment în diagnosticul tuberculozei (TB).
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