Обновления в ведении больных хронической необструктивной ишемической болезнью сердца
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2024.1-78.16Ключевые слова:
необструктивная ишемическая болезнь сердца, микроваскулярная стенокардия, вазоспастическая стенокардияАннотация
У подавляющего большинства (до 70%) больных, перенесших коронарографию по поводу стенокардии и признаков ишемии миокарда нет обструкции коронарных артерий. Исследования, проведенные в последние десятилетия, показали, что микрососудистая коронарная дисфункция и эпикардиальный вазоспазм являются основными патофизиологическими механизмами необструктивной ишемической болезни сердца (ИБС), при этом в зависимости от лежащего в ее основе механизма различают три клинических эндотипа: микроваскулярная стенокардия, вазоспастическая и смешанная. Показано, что правильная диагностика и лечение на основе эндотипа необструктивной ИБС связаны с лучшим качеством жизни и более благоприятным долгосрочным прогнозом. Пациенты с необструктивной ИБС требуют строгого контроля сердечно-сосудистых факторов риска. Статины и ингибиторы АПФ оказывают положительный эффект у большинства пациентов. Антиангинальная терапия первой линии - бета-блокаторы и/или блокаторы кальциевых каналов, в зависимости от основного механизма (микрососудистая или вазоспастическая коронарная дисфункция). Препаратами второго ряда являются ивабрадин, ранолазин и никорандил. Ингибиторы Rho-киназы и антагонисты рецепторов эндотелина представляют собойпотенциальные препараты для лечения этих пациентов в будущем.
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