MICROVEZICULELE DERIVATE DIN TROMBOCITE ÎN BOLILE CARDIOVASCULARE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2024.1-78.17Cuvinte cheie:
vezicule extracelulare derivate din trombocite, disfuncție endotelială, inflamație, trombozăRezumat
Veziculele extracelulare (EV) sunt o familie de particule/vezicule prezente în sânge și fluide corporale, delimitate de un strat dublu lipidic și care nu se pot replica, adică nu conțin un nucleu functional. Acestea poartă o varietate de molecule importante în medierea comunicării celulare, modulând astfel procese celulare cruciale, cum ar fi homeostazia, inducerea/ atenuarea inflamației și promovarea reparației. [1]Existența lor, suspectată inițial în 1946 și confirmată în 1967, a determinat o creștere bruscă a numărului de publicații științifice, a interesului pentru EV și aplicațiile lor potențiale în înțelegerea mecanismelor care stau la baza diferitelor boli, cum ar fi cancerul, bolile cardiovasculare, metabolice, neurologice și infecțioase, printre altele, care au dezvăluit un rol pentru EV ca biomarkeri candidați promițători pentru diagnostic, prognostic și chiar instrumente terapeutice, în bolile cardiovasculare (CV) și alte boli [2].Populația veziculelor derivate din trombocite (pEV) este cea mai mare printre alte tipuri de EV din circulație.Caracteristicile fizice ale membranei celulare și încărcătura biologică definesc rolul pivot al veziculelor derivate din trombocite în patogeneza bolilor cardiovasculare (CV).pEV-urile sunt, așadar, jucători cheie în mediarea reacțiilor inflamatorii și de coagulare care implică endoteliul, trombocitele, celulele musculare netede și celulele inflamatorii și contribuie astfel la dezvoltarea aterosclerozei și angiogenezei, dereglării microcirculației coronariene în contiguitate cu disfuncția endotelială [3]. În plus, EV joacă un rol esențial în repararea țesuturilor, angiogeneză și neovascularizare prin cascade de semnalizare intracelulară. De fapt, EV-urile mediază semnale autocrine și paracrine care sunt capabile să reconstruiască micro-mediul homeostatic din inimă și vase [4].Această revizuire își propune să ofere o scurtă privire de ansamblu asupra biogenezei, caracteristicilor microparticulelor plachetare cu un accent special pe implicarea lor în bolile cardiovasculare, dar, mai ales, pe legătura dintre tromboză, disfuncție endoteliala și inflamație. Tot aici trecem în revistă experimentele timpurii, rezumăm constatările cheie care au propulsat domeniul, descriem creșterea unei comunități organizate de EV și discutăm starea actuală a domeniului.
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