Тромбоцитные микровезикулы при сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.52692/1857-0011.2024.1-78.17Ключевые слова:
внеклеточные везикулы тромбоцитарного происхождения, эндотелиальная дисфункция, воспаление, тромбозАннотация
Внеклеточные везикулы (ВВ) представляют собой семейство частиц/везикул, присутствующих в крови и жидкостях организма, ограниченных липидным бислоем и нереплицируемых, т. е. они не содержат функционального ядра, неся множество молекул, важных для обеспечения клеточной коммуникации, тем самым модулирование важнейших клеточных процессов, таких как гомеостаз, индукция/ослабление воспаления и содействие восстановлению [1].Их существование, первоначально заподозренное в 1946 году и подтвержденное в 1967 году, привело к внезапному увеличению количества научных публикаций, учитывая их потенциальную значимость для понимания механизмов, лежащих в основе различных заболеваний, таких как рак, сердечно-сосудистые, метаболические, неврологические заболевания и инфекционные заболевания, в том числе другие, которые показали роль ЭВ как многообещающих биомаркеров-кандидатов для диагностики, прогноза и даже терапевтических инструментов [2].Популяция везикул тромбоцитарного происхождения (ПЭВ) является самой большой среди других типов циркулирующих ВВ.Физические характеристики клеточных мембран и биологическая нагрузка определяют ключевую роль тромбоцитарных везикул в патогенезе сердечно-сосудистых (СС) заболеваний.Таким образом, ПЭВ являются ключевыми игроками в опосредовании воспалительных и коагуляционных реакций с участием эндотелиоцитов, тромбоцитов, гладкомышечных клеток и воспалительных клеток и, таким образом, способствуют развитию атеросклероза и ангиогенеза, нарушению регуляции коронарной микроциркуляции в сочетании с эндотелиальной дисфункцией. [3]. Кроме того, ЭВ играют важную роль в восстановлении тканей, ангиогенезе и неоваскуляризации посредством внутриклеточных сигнальных каскадов. Фактически, ЭВ передают аутокринные и паракринные сигналы, которые способны восстанавливать гомеостатическую микросреду в сердце и сосудах [4].Целью этого обзора является предоставление краткого обзора биогенеза, характеристик микрочастиц тромбоцитов с особым акцентом на их участие в сердечно-сосудистых заболеваниях, но особенно на связи между тромбозом, эндотелиальной дисфункцией и воспалением. Также здесь мы рассматриваем ранние эксперименты, суммируем ключевые результаты, которые способствовали развитию этой области, описываем рост организованного сообщества электромобилей и обсуждаем текущее состояние этой области.
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